SQIsign

spec code

core properties

-- sizes --

parameter set public keys signatures
NIST ‑ Ⅰ  83 bytes 200 bytes
NIST ‑ Ⅲ 129 bytes 306 bytes
NIST ‑ Ⅴ 169 bytes 406 bytes

-- performance --

x86_64 (Intel Raptor Lake)

Cycle counts for an optimized implementation (using platform-specific assembly):
parameter set keygen signing verifying
NIST ‑ Ⅰ  32.2 megacycles  93.9 megacycles  12.1 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅲ 102.1 megacycles 320.3 megacycles  31.5 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅴ 214.5 megacycles 674.7 megacycles  77.6 megacycles
Cycle counts for a pure C implementation:
parameter set keygen signing verifying
NIST ‑ Ⅰ  43.9 megacycles 125.2 megacycles  18.1 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅲ 150.5 megacycles 447.3 megacycles  54.7 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅴ 277.1 megacycles 835.6 megacycles 106.3 megacycles

AArch64 (Apple M4 Pro)

Cycle counts for an optimized implementation (using platform-specific assembly):
parameter set keygen signing verifying
NIST ‑ Ⅰ  20.4 megacycles  60.0 megacycles   7.2 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅲ  67.0 megacycles 217.0 megacycles  18.2 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅴ 130.3 megacycles 425.8 megacycles  41.9 megacycles
Cycle counts for a pure C implementation:
parameter set keygen signing verifying
NIST ‑ Ⅰ  28.6 megacycles  79.4 megacycles  11.0 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅲ  96.1 megacycles 294.4 megacycles  31.7 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅴ 166.4 megacycles 513.4 megacycles  59.7 megacycles

AArch64 (ARM Cortex-A76)

Cycle counts for an optimized implementation (using platform-specific assembly):
parameter set keygen signing verifying
NIST ‑ Ⅰ  114.4 megacycles  326.8 megacycles   50.1 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅲ  345.7 megacycles 1041.9 megacycles  136.3 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅴ  811.5 megacycles 2431.4 megacycles  337.5 megacycles
Cycle counts for a pure C implementation:
parameter set keygen signing verifying
NIST ‑ Ⅰ  118.9 megacycles  343.9 megacycles   52.9 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅲ  431.4 megacycles 1281.6 megacycles  183.8 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅴ  833.2 megacycles 2449.1 megacycles  349.9 megacycles

ARMv7 (ARM Cortex‑M4)

Cycle counts for an optimized implementation (using platform-specific assembly):
parameter set keygen signing verifying
NIST ‑ Ⅰ   379.6 megacycles  1233.3 megacycles   148.8 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅲ  1005.6 megacycles  3992.5 megacycles   395.4 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅴ  2422.3 megacycles 10023.4 megacycles   881.8 megacycles
Cycle counts for a pure C implementation:
parameter set keygen signing verifying
NIST ‑ Ⅰ   564.4 megacycles  1854.1 megacycles   229.5 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅲ  1886.6 megacycles  5929.8 megacycles   668.5 megacycles
NIST ‑ Ⅴ  4200.4 megacycles 13726.2 megacycles  1689.5 megacycles
Code size and stack usage (optimized implementation):
parameter set stack usage code size
keygen signing verifying
NIST ‑ Ⅰ  56 kB  99 kB  37 kB 173 kB
NIST ‑ Ⅲ  75 kB 132 kB  56 kB 185 kB
NIST ‑ Ⅴ 110 kB 179 kB  73 kB 194 kB
Code size and stack usage (pure C implementation):
parameter set stack usage code size
keygen signing verifying
NIST ‑ Ⅰ  57 kB  99 kB  40 kB 170 kB
NIST ‑ Ⅲ  76 kB 133 kB  63 kB 180 kB
NIST ‑ Ⅴ 112 kB 181 kB  83 kB 191 kB

resources

-- NIST submission --

specification

implementation

-- papers --

HD-based

KLPT-based

-- third-party implementations --

-- talks --

citations

In order to cite SQIsign (round‑3 version), you may use the following BibTeX entry: 
@techreport{NISTPQC-ADD-R3:SQIsign26,
        author      = {Aardal, Marius A. and Adj, Gora and Aranha, Diego F. and Basso, Andrea and Borin, Giacomo and Canales Mart{\'\i}nez, Isaac Andr{\'e}s  and Ch{\'a}vez-Saab, Jorge and Corte-Real Santos, Maria and Dartois, Pierrick and De Feo, Luca and Duparc, Max and Espitau, Thomas and Eriksen, Jonathan Komada and Fouotsa, Tako Boris and Gazzoni Filho, D{\'e}cio Luiz and Hess, Basil and Invernizzi, Riccardo and Kohel, David and Leroux, Antonin and Longa, Patrick and Maino, Luciano and Meyer, Michael and Mula, Marzio and Nakagawa, Kohei and Onuki, Hiroshi and Panny, Lorenz and Patranabis, Sikhar and Petit, Christophe and Pope, Giacomo and Reijnders, Krijn and Robert, Damien and Rodr{\'\i}guez-Henr{\'\i}quez, Francisco and Schaeffler, Sina and Vercauteren, Frederik and Wallet, Alexandre and Wesolowski, Benjamin and van Woerden, Wessel},
        title       = {{SQIsign}},
        institution = {{N}ational {I}nstitute of {S}tandards and {T}echnology},
        year        = 2026,
        url         = {https://sqisign.org},
    }

contributors

-- authors --

(Alphabetical order.)

-- funding --

contact@sqisign.org